1. [PDF] English Bilinguals Think About Time: The Effects of Language on Space ...
Chinese speakers were more likely to represent time on a horizontal plane when processing 'front/back' metaphors in test questions, and more likely to arrange.
2. Wendy'S Belief That Rabbits Are Cute - I Hate CBT's
Jul 29, 2023 · ... fact that Chinese speakers may be more likely to think about time on a vertical or a horizontal plane is an example of. A) linguistic ...
Question: 5-year-old Camille is learning about the food groups. Her prototype for a vegetable is most likely a A) onion B) tomato C) carrot Answer: C) carrot Question: Wendy’s belief that rabbits are cute, fun, and intelligent animals is an example of a A) category B) Artificial concept C)
3. What Is True Of Gossip And Storytelling - I Hate CBT's
Aug 8, 2023 · Answer: may be more prone to think of time on a vertical or horizontal plane. Question: Caleb uses the words “sofa,” “soda,” and “dinner,” ...
Question: Amira came to the United States for college. She has near perfect English, but her roommates tease her when she accidentally asks, “Did you shower yourself today?” instead of, “Did you take a shower?” This is an example of incorrect ________ structure. Answer: Syntax Question: The units
4. The Variability of Mental Timeline in Vertical Dimension - PMC - NCBI
Dec 31, 2021 · Studies of the mental timeline have demonstrated that compared with English speakers, Mandarin speakers are more likely to think about time ...
People often use concrete spatial terms to represent abstract time. Previous studies have shown that mental timeline (MTL) is represented along a horizontal axis. Studies of the mental timeline have demonstrated that compared with English speakers, Mandarin ...
5. Time Points: A Gestural Study of the Development of Space ... - NCBI
However, studies that have analyzed the gestures English speakers make when talking about time indicate that their speech and gesture often come apart ( ...
Human languages typically employ a variety of spatial metaphors for time (e.g., “I'm looking forward to the weekend”). The metaphorical grounding of time in space is also evident in gesture. The gestures that are performed when talking ...
6. Facing salient and non-salient time sequence orientation types ...
May 18, 2022 · ... Mandarin speakers in fact use horizontal time metaphors much more frequently than vertical ones. ... Do Chinese and English speakers think about ...
%PDF-1.7 %âãÏÓ 734 0 obj <> endobj xref 734 87 0000000016 00000 n 0000003423 00000 n 0000003539 00000 n 0000003597 00000 n 0000003926 00000 n 0000004061 00000 n 0000004196 00000 n 0000004331 00000 n 0000004465 00000 n 0000004599 00000 n 0000004735 00000 n 0000004869 00000 n 0000005003 00000 n 0000005137 00000 n 0000005247 00000 n 0000005341 00000 n 0000005399 00000 n 0000005509 00000 n 0000005627 00000 n 0000005876 00000 n 0000006438 00000 n 0000007196 00000 n 0000007290 00000 n 0000007927 00000 n 0000008155 00000 n 0000008468 00000 n 0000008962 00000 n 0000009146 00000 n 0000009519 00000 n 0000009947 00000 n 0000010033 00000 n 0000010580 00000 n 0000011336 00000 n 0000012583 00000 n 0000012880 00000 n 0000013362 00000 n 0000013431 00000 n 0000013914 00000 n 0000014123 00000 n 0000015258 00000 n 0000015327 00000 n 0000015763 00000 n 0000015966 00000 n 0000016260 00000 n 0000016438 00000 n 0000016522 00000 n 0000017562 00000 n 0000018517 00000 n 0000018729 00000 n 0000018905 00000 n 0000019696 00000 n 0000019781 00000 n 0000020717 00000 n 0000021810 00000 n 0000022779 00000 n 0000028389 00000 n 0000032578 00000 n 0000032873 00000 n 0000033245 00000 n 0000035938 00000 n 0000036894 00000 n 0000042165 00000 n 0000042693 00000 n 0000042808 00000 n 0000054925 00000 n 0000054964 00000 n 0000055490 00000 n 0000055604 00000 n 0000072877 00000 n 0000072916 00000 n 0000073442 00000 n 0000073556 00000 n 0000091237 00000 n 0000091276 00000 n 0000091806 00000 n 0000091924 00000 n 0000104799 00000 n 0000104838 00000 n 0000104910 00000 n 0000104984 00000 n 0000105055 00000 n 0000105126 00000 n 0000105197 00000 n 0000105268 00000 n 0000105339 00000 n 0000105407 00000 n 0000002036 00000 n trailer <<299750F779323740B7DB32B06AEBC95C>]/Prev 1054357>> startxref 0 %%EOF 820 0 obj <>stream hÞ¤VklU>w¶¶µU:³» ÝÚn[¨«-mw·³mT@¶¥ B%ô¥¶ÝÊî´â¨[iíB©-X_ >¢ !A¬Ä F¢ FMLýÓh¢?$Ñsï̾&&ÞÉÌÜ{¾ï;ç»g&; 7$·BÀÂk @tÉ É{üeëýI¡¼v2?SéËø<9ÃrשàéþªZ¼`Pò'O;BåcõUÎÔO¸á黺z¸äwßmy©^ CáKnÞ¹ùfûfü¼{êÇíSßulØßVr`Õå ®4\¶LòÕÆ[ª¥ÜÚú:`4ÓgÎòºÜe Ãy´©Ñ×ü0E©a%R4Ô¿J¶Y[yCÔ¯R8XZænq)µ·²¶ÇêÕá*¢Ô¢¸JÛÊÜZd¬{²®ÆfÏõ=ÕÜf5°fõãëpÌL7(Í*UÚZUÓí3h ·D7/ÒÄؽfußDåBÁ¨)yK÷ÖÁW"»µÖÊõ u¯îebí3¼SÑÚµïµèûój½ñúõb´Ò[oÆ= MòöP4/¡éöÐ_Òø*#Ã7جò;¢ô.ë`Ì/8<Ú>{NÞí¹ãG9(£ä GGóÞ?¦uQ¾âîãaÑüSÈ¥ZËðI³X~ÁéIÆ;1¡Ã'Ý%Áh·çB¡ ]9.¯×[© VDÙ\ÐqJiz»CªmP7 &Ū`Åø,`è@Ovg4ÈvºbÊd»¼åÕÕu ÜÍO7+§£Bm /!s°WD`08KTÊÖCb4 1Fëmrv{xÏgÒúô4ÜTÖI´Æ8éûb´qÑ.Ñ}Øü½1Õ§0Ãû=æ\ç}ð`"vð±£ fvmE ¯ËàÊ} WgLAYJºa.¹Æ}0A82 äJ¨Äû8 C/ä®àl㦡ÀÐaJ?Ï ¤4vÛÉU¸nzú î[¸\»{Áû¯°¬8eA6dFd+PD6`þ^¬ àqÎÏrç=¹¡¾ HA!#ÈZãÈj3?üóÔ(p·®Þ×°ªé|½w¾¡Z<ñ\á#Ïy6WX¼X;uÖl<ؽH_áôC_»ÈÂÈÃk'L£n´à¼kSÿ:¸rHëÁ=d° ~ô\Ï[±é ÅòUßñâÊ Ç;úÜ5poV榀 \&~9'¤mD²ÿ;,ŵÒ>6ãz-À&\_´ßæТxÎÇÛJHÇê¥àyÀà¹à*¾_¡¹ü *;â5 endstream endobj 735 0 obj <> endobj 736 0 obj <> endobj 737 0 obj <> endobj 738 0 obj <> endobj 739 0 obj <> endobj 740 0 obj <> endobj 741 0 obj <> endobj 742 0 obj <> endobj 743 0 obj <> endobj 744 0 obj <> endobj 745 0 obj <> endobj 746 0 obj <> endobj 747 0 obj <> endobj 748 0 obj <> endobj 749 0 obj <> endobj 750 0 obj <> endobj 751 0 obj <> endobj 752 0 obj <> endobj 753 0 obj <> endobj 754 0 obj <> endobj 755 0 obj <> endobj 756 0 obj <>stream hÞbd`ab`ddptõq÷ ÐvL)ó1I3±L³03Ò60ÉIýcü!Ï#æû{ѯó¿Þ±~·áÿî&ØýÓAW8 !91¹´$ÕL&''åç&ådg¤¦($U*¸åçgä(xæ¤å%dæç%æ(¤å)d¤¥AX!'3©(±¨RÃw00¶31°ÌÀÄPÈ°Q±ñßâï}?~·ý.½÷·¤ùoùûéßí˳~÷ù£.z6õþ9¯Y¬aÓ+ç¯Ú±våÍêJvÊ:ú8)xôo'o}ÇmQ·ªåOÔ³mXZ ´hY´\'kæÑó'¤¿sÞ>ÿ^ïGÜ÷Öiÿ9(ºú,ëïYlßû0±^øýÚã{;ûïÙXX=¿¿biÿq\ô{îǸ¿cK®eý^ðghÜÖÌÜ´Ê4é¼¢ió*å×î¼(uaÒÞ9kåÖÎY3£ôêEykäwb]?7T:*¾2+M>:!Ýë7«ý¬À51rë]>½uî®Ý@'^ø¾ðgª=óþZÆbÍKK« vò^=[¾jsóR÷¦]¸]îôêëÎKïÜX¿Q~пy^ÒþòyÁÕnÖRêK-öøÈyî¿öTúâ©yCb%PûÓEu_ VÉ. endstream endobj 757 0 obj <> endobj 758 0 obj <>stream hÞTMoà ïü ;í d[«J~H9ìCK·;'EZ rÈ¿¨ÓXml¿6=4ÇÆô#8ÕbÎXptSPWì^6*®^±jh*nç1âÐØÎA]úc3lÎÕ#{ ú4c{Ø\ø×w ´÷?8 À@ÐØzxþM4ýÅ.³G¨Ï×ÁNãè¥Â mP³J@½GhõÿyY*®ºÉ@³Hü´ð6óóÂÇÄ{YxË3cáÝIÔ{í§äÕïÕBڥܧHÎbÅû ½óY[~äW ý]rD endstream endobj 759 0 obj <> endobj 760 0 obj <> endobj 761 0 obj <> endobj 762 0 obj <> endobj 763 0 obj <> endobj 764 0 obj <> endobj 765 0 obj <> endobj 766 0 obj <>stream HtUMoã6zô¯Ð^Ä´H"¹=µMS´À^ºB/Éh¶Øè«o~G{ê¯í);v°E ä3oÞ¼mùÌüú±\mXÂr¿bj!XÂßy-MyV$Bj*$IÙ¶?ÍERÍá^ÌU¿J²ÂÓÜ×åà/>)+®÷+òo4-áh.u4<Ó¯7¼H© ½Yo$e¤³ýóðâÖ_ÊßÞÜ4g,_Ü}÷Î]qööá½AhòGkj×¹ ÷æäÁÌecújòɵÃm$ ÍÄ·ËL«ÅRÙ½KXæé;Ùb*¨Î<ò»¬/ü MÖHï#y0ë"³ií=nsHiA\õC¿¹² ï:I +)í_GÛWöð0á+ãÝ/Àí]çÄ~';Ï6Äʨ$»×à¶üÕª_ì´£I×GºòshÝÜ\èÿ`ÍíW:e¤/ÌJªeÊAËòÌO®Mµf Æûqþ¸ÝÖ[K@@é°e)e5TNmnxÊÓMºÖòLryùÝVÖ½4s ¼ÜþÛYÔÈÀÂ\$èé{\*¸dªÊÞb$Ny°»éh¦W¼ÅaÏÒ»l¯yx ÉxÜ!I!¦`z k# ½Æ8°½ !>_¸ZÔIAòi²,/\Ác+\v³Lå?F)æñqNóü_ÊÆA13¥A@fò®j-nY¨·}Äð_j2NÐu¸®Ý¡ñÑCOðâA3pYãy´æÙNÁ$Ãþüú¢Ìn³ ÃBFxgY¶4@ƳàE=Ú)TÍ(·yDo¼íÆa2m¸F&ÛÙ#® WRϸÔ+·wÕµrØj4.$ö¦Ã4¶gè gÚÆ#A~E¬ þ¼ðÐÓþX;ì¶)àf¬»Ñô~q©ÈÉN!Àf DNÎ7hÊVס\à Û~söB¡ÇÞ×L±¶s5¹]1L#¾±¸Dçõfl`>TÈÁ,^l¦Ó81]¦Q.öÅÌL§G PÑOqà@ò¦'béÞ-ZQP½B]æúß7RmK~¶àlPGmÅmA:k}LI¡Na©¿ÆM öÓÐÁZ"ú6\´©_^K®Øí³÷vꡧ·ð9ÀQ,[@þóðÉÓ:úçQÄÐPh&%vßü5È°s}Á\Ûú8qji7HÇáFÂycêx®ÈÎÚ>\?³ÃviðåQ8ü¢ðÈá#tpÞÂ1*÷Q"xÃ%X~ã ¶ÌW.ßh '²¦êíÎTϸ@çA ÇFû©{Ä·vï·§5¶Us´lt¿1x¬q>ÃBrøp°ëLöж>¡_CºªYIÿ ÂûXË endstream endobj 767 0 obj <>stream hÞTMoà ïü ;í äÐiRÄ¥Ó¤¶UK×;'CZ 9ä_ Q§°ðÇc¿6?tow øé1Áà¼%ÃBá£ó °Î¤Í«ÖL:Ïp¿Î §ÎÚñï°{ß?'à_daw?çèÿpB@R`q`üð¡ã§xÁþc§5"4ÕÛà`qÚ i?"´¢Qоjèíc57â2_MìV)¤xQ¬ù¿en«(ÊZw1f!Ê:ëîUNâ<ÞÏC,sËcW Õk endstream endobj 768 0 obj <> endobj 769 0 obj <> endobj 770 0 obj <>stream hÞbd`ab`ddrtõq÷wÖvL)ó1µH20I26ÐsÒ60ÉJÿaü!Ë#¦÷{í¯'2,ù¬ßù¿[vÿPb`fddw KNL.-I (MÊÉ,ÎHMQHªTpËÏ+ ÎÈ/PðÌ+I-ÊK,ÉÌÏKÌQHË/R(ÉHK°BNfRQbQ¥«à.c;È ¦Úç|?j¿÷ýØ'úÝã»tÜßÒö¿å¯Ç9}÷ù-Íú=éèÚ¦å*Íóí;["fzÕÌ¥R+Îß´qCCá>¹íOYÅ.±þÍmã¡5-mn©üÜÒÅk[7Hl\R![è²fI\´&kʵ姤¿?¾üUïGÜ÷ðE¿¼üü;ù·ØGÖïÚEýî4·°æeå×åHL[+_µ°ió9©ï<Ëö_²¢¦hÜÇ¥ó&UL69S:!²¦$SÞ?)Îö7Ôo«»ß÷l¶`½ÜÜiS&ÍÏÁ` gj¥K endstream endobj 771 0 obj <> endobj 772 0 obj <>stream HtV=ã6í÷W¸¤3¶"¤>®¾¤ÈÌUqwkÑ2³6å)ûöoä°líÌ^ ð <ZíþzÉWÛ"®W»¯/ßÅÍõ¶¬«¬ûÁwÓ>Ú>4¹¸¹xdE®(¼îj!ë¬ábÍ6+ÅpTæo;¾:ã7l©aâ0ÙÓ0ZV"Ø#{8Ø}|» ßÐëâÝüta;ÎúH¨¿ÞêVe0¾nç;wuÝdNø¢IÝÙB.²FLÞ!Jðý_ÌÝÞ]'-âþþ§^«Ýᥬ²ªÕ* ñßz÷/éë²Fçk¾Ëhv´~oïþë Î(¥L«æcF.È_æ(CSE§]*TThÆÞFJÂÌÉ°|Ob ©éîͦËäÎD6ìJã0|ÊÅyðñ8«j2|O®4¥è.úv¿7Ö¾½Ê%u.U\å(þ»5#«¼ EB®òâtBDpn¶c®÷îàöTrþDÜáYBW¢ó¥]ÔK¶5Êz}ÆW ©G Tö;Å$¨GãÃÈ/%H²²Áô.F°¦A5ÍcâÀ7.Q"4ÍÒûàHUf¯%PþgÊÙ¢c´ãõfÏÔD&mø±ÞðY3R)LbB,%C¼h)1^ZRGõ43j¨ª¥ä1ÃIR=¾ÑlätÃêòiIT¢Ñû¬Þqt¯ÇQĹ4º$5$Q¹oiW(ò®è¶Óç£ëé£èl?Z;³ü8OÉ"qãkRß6 c]äàRìÍÙò5µóI¥ÏÃÕù~½-ìíÕbæ·Eݤ5U4ðbÒê/MõÕ S` Á¯E£,Õ`u+Ãg5O ³I$wæÈCD¶Â^±¢!NÝ;ǯy ú!Gõ]GøÝ.-àEéøa JÚtUÂ\¶Ôy ÛiKK´Y.§6íé4lIYñ6oñÌþ#ÛÑ`5o?«:ïkPAs,¥SÒFS¥»o4¥%Åy²Òøw åÅ*gÄtϧU ¥êÇaº/0©é8?[P6gAõ¼üáûÇyyÞGFF ?ðÖmÝÂHkq2¾Lo7¼7Ôó¹òãsèù\Xõ3m%%Þüp;Ù®·¼ÑëÅ-óYmgDUÔªÍᤪ¼¹ûÆÅJ|£¦!ËÇæª ¹D[é½½_Wø-f×bvN¿üJ×»®ðP<1AËt ®Ý*X¡ 9 a>1@]aµ> BÅ ÙÈpòpµú_ vdyt endstream endobj 773 0 obj <> endobj 774 0 obj <>stream hÞbd`ab`ddptõq÷wÑvL)ó1I3±L³03ÒNKÉIþeü!Ç#¶¥û繬ßÍø¿[ vÿàb`adäà÷)ÍËts20PF¥I9Å©) I nùy%Áù y%©Ey%ùy9 iùE %©`iVÈÉL*J,ªÔðèvFfFF¦|?ý{õ£ó÷þ;lû¬Øº`Qsó¹UÇYg¥LNNËm©*/(ÏMsêµfòÚýÇãÅïñ<ؾ³þTÝ·"==77-}Eîú +V®¸ªG´úHC{móÉÉíÓHýc?Õ½»iv9ëä¾L©?QìQýU³Êä æ-jX/½pvßäyò¿KJ,/L Z^,_Pê²
endobj 776 0 obj <>stream hÞT=oà w~Å©2`»C¡©"yhÕIwg©>Ðþ÷b¥êÀq_÷òнuä"È{ÓcÁeýÂá£#¨°ÎÄ-*ÖL:Lp¿Î§m+äW*ÎWØ_öÕÈO¶ÈFØëËwJôK¿8!E¨@)°8yx×áCO2c¹ó×Û`oqÚ kÚªVÉ<+@²ÿk¢¹×Áüh÷ÎãkºD²ß(¸#¿×z1sÒYv/r²GøøàC¸ 0 ý¡jâ endstream endobj 777 0 obj <> endobj 778 0 obj <> endobj 779 0 obj <>stream H¬UMÛ6EÛ T`Ñ$Eäöv?IPÀn/m\¶ÈÒBwá¿ÒØ?s¤d¯.¶( ](3óøæ½Q²úiFâ\R¬nf¿¡ÊÔÛÙÚßSfi\ ÕÎúeË®?GxÉ ÎÑéâwÖM]Ö½-cDO®ßÅM(+üR¡ÓöníLÝwCvö<{i;·ã@Í&~ר# ÔÛÕLPLO¨âXQÀA%eB1 ¶½ÙÛúsó覩 Ì3}3Ñ1lÌ4DEº±ï½M=T÷¾¬2áù½·ëvó½úîß8À¸n¶µë]SÕ2B£V¥Þû¦5}ÓSm:U¾3ëCÕ#)úYÉw®jºæaRlC )ýR»GÛv.qOÃ9èãH·eÐÌ\O)=!¢yÜ°\ ;ßMcD¡éHk]e<(OóvôÁöMé>À eó!ª!²ü+ À;W¤x ilhiÛ{g¾÷ p`@nýcáüýåz×4%ùÈñÖ»îo$ ! , ½Þ¥À±¦Ç-¿¶í¿´ AªÕ¤áL~¨6 yô÷cso«.VV°WýOÉÝUvéîmú² ß$¦ú¥úJ» ãGëx©w²P(!Ðýå-mÊýån³½qÕUì@å¡35îÀ2þR Eã¬ß'ÅÐB ^Cß\¶ê±ÕÆ|ƵÃfÛ i?¦¼8ÚõýCwµX4þJ0ð\v»ðí÷V,íz2'v!B͸Ðt2Vo ê¯)ÝÞµQG`·5í|¸ÝÓès´v45x¯ØÚÏ l1ì¹á g'Ï# ý/L|³Û¤CIx¬>xAÙ69Íȯͥü%&&ílèKl B^Âvaá0û¢ ½ªK½>ÆSv5¥â'èâmÜsªôÿ"ìaÒø?¥¸4M;Ê=h>È]¦8S*Ïäl¸ÓYÚè(%ÿXûÿùw()ÍéÜETÇÝäo ß1 endstream endobj 780 0 obj <>stream HìUÉ7räWðØ Ü%îO5ã Æ@ 9|h·zfÚZ¶ZN_É×æ½hq 9:°U|õXÕâ¼øa±ùÄo5|óÄÈ8e¸à;V¼
7. [PDF] Verb Representation and Thinking-for-Speaking Effects in ...
still biased to think about time, vertically, in a Mandarin way, even though the ... It is likely that left–right directional axis of motion on the horizontal ...
8. [PDF] Answer Explanations: PSAT/NMSQT 2015 Practice Test #1
Choices C and D are incorrect because the passage describes how Miss Taylor's marriage might affect Emma but not how the marriage might affect Miss Taylor.
9. [PDF] Do English and Mandarin Speakers Think Differently About Time?
Both languages use horizontal and vertical spatial language to talk about time. For example, in English we might say that the best is ahead of us, or we may ...
10. LinguaMania episode 4: How do metaphors shape our world?
... Mandarin, the more likely you are to make this association. And also, we can create ... think about time, you start showing this vertical timeline in your mind.
11. In the Age of AI | FRONTLINE - PBS
[Speaking Chinese] As we often say in China, the beginning is the most difficult part. NARRATOR: In 2017, Xi Jinping announced the government's bold new plans ...
Transcript for the FRONTLINE film In the Age of AI
12. [PDF] „‚ CONDITIONS THAT HINDER EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
... example, we may both become unduly cautious in our communication. Although it is unlikely that totally nonrefracted communication is a possibility over time ...
13. Psychology Exam 2 Brandon Flashcards - Easy Notecards
unique. 122. The fact that Chinese speakers may be more likely to think about time on a vertical or a horizontal plane is an example of. linguistic ...
Study Psychology Exam 2 Brandon flashcards. Play games, take quizzes, print and more with Easy Notecards.
14. [PDF] introduction to public speaking - Bay College
... times we are called upon to give speeches in our personal lives. It may be for a special event, such as a toast at a wedding. We may be asked to give a ...
15. [PDF] The psychological reality of spatio-temporal metaphors
Darija speakers might think about time and how they speak about time. They ... as time) may be partially parasitic upon more concrete experiences (such as.
16. [PDF] i The Spatial Mapping of Concepts in English and Mandarin Qiong Wu
Furthermore, both groups had stronger mappings on the vertical than the horizontal dimension in both studies. Study 1 suggested that Mandarin speakers may have ...
17. [PDF] TheSAT® - Mometrix Test Preparation
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. ... Therefore, the author of Text 2 would most likely say that Text 1's.
18. [PDF] Language, Thought, and Dessert - Stanford University
Apr 11, 2017 · Mandarin can also talk about time as a “vertical” axis. The ... •Mandarin speakers arrange events in vertical plane. 15-‐44%. •English speakers ...
19. The Influence of Language on the Perception of the World - ICJS
Apr 28, 2021 · Reading direction influences vertical counting direction in the horizontal plane – a cross-cultural comparison. ... Chinese Speakers. Frontiers ...
Figure 1: The Influence of Language on the Perception of the WorldSource: http://www.lausti.com/articles/internet/languages.jpg The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis